Google Adsense

health

Key political risks to watch in Cuba – 02-2012

Key political risks to watch in CubaBy Jeff Franks

HAVANA | Fri Feb 3, 2012 10:57am EST

Feb 3 (Reuters) – Cuba is opening the door to private management of some state-run cafes and service outlets in an apparent test of further reforms aimed at keeping the island one of the world's last communist countries.

The government said food prices rose nearly 20 percent in 2011 in a warning sign that economic change will not be painless.

's Repsol YPF brought the massive Scarabeo 9 drilling rig into Cuban waters and began drilling what Cuba hopes will be the first of many wells in its untapped offshore oilfields.

ECONOMIC REFORMS

In eastern Holguin province, officials said 211 state-owned cafeterias would be leased to employeesin a semi-privatization similar to what has been done nationally with barber shops and beauty salons the past year and recently expanded to other service businesses such as watch repair and carpentry shops.

The Holguin program has not been mentioned in national media, but is likely a trial run before it becomes generalized, as was done with the other services.

The government, which wants to slash a million jobs from its payroll and encourage more private initiative, has said it will turn many small businesses, nationalized since the 1960s, over to employee cooperatives.

It is encouraging self-employment, with more than 362,000 people now working for themselves.

Minister Adel Yzquierdo Rodriguez told the National Assembly in late December that 170,000 state jobs would be cut in 2012 and as many as 240,000 new non-state jobs added.

The government's goal is to have up to 40 percent of the island workforce of 5.2 million in non-state jobs by 2015.

President has made reform of Cuba's lagging agricultural sector a top priority and the Cuban state, which owns 70 percent of the country's land, has leased 3.5 million acres (1.4 million hectares) to 150,000 private farmers since he succeeded older brother Fidel Castro as president in February 2008.

In some areas, the state has increased the land farmers can lease to 165 acres (67 hectares), extended their leases to 25 years, allowed them to build homes on the land and will let them pass the leases on to family members.

Yet food output was up just 2 percent in 2011 and still below 2005 levels.

That, reduced food imports by the cash-strapped government and reforms allowing farmers to sell more of their production for market prices combined to make food prices shoot up in 2011.

The National Statistics Office reported that meat prices rose 8.7 percent while produce prices increased 24.1 percent, for an average of 19.8 percent on the year..

At the same time, the average monthly salary inched up only a few percentage points to the equivalent of $19 a month, the government said. The statistics stated what Cubans already knew — their buying power has shrunk under Castro's reforms.

President Castro told the National Assembly that Cuba still expected to spend $1.7 billion on food imports in 2012.

He also emphasized at a Communist Party conference the importance of an ongoing crackdown on corruption, which already has shuttered three foreign firms and sent executives of some of Cuba's biggest state-run firms to .

He said the party would implement term limits for the country's leaders, but he gave no details.

What to watch:

- The pace of reforms and their consequences.

- The development of small businesses.

- Agricultural production and food prices.

FINANCIAL HEALTH

Castro said the economy grew 2.7 percent in 2011 and was expected to rise 3.4 percent in 2012.

Cuba said it drew a record 2.7 million tourists in 2011, bringing in revenues of about $2.3 billion.

industry experts say has boomed this winter as the Arab Spring scared Europeans away from northern Africa, relaxed U.S. regulations made it easier for Americans to visit the island and Castro's reforms drew visitors curious to see the effects of changes. They said Cuba needs more hotels to accommodate its growing tourism industry, which is a top hard currency earner for the country.

Cuba is heavily indebted and still recovering from a liquidity crisis that led to a default on payments and freezing of foreign business bank accounts in 2009.

Castro told the National Assembly that accounts for foreign suppliers to Cuba had been unfrozen and steps taken to prevent the problem from happening again.

Hopes that reforms would bring more foreign have been slow to materialize, but Brazilian company Odebrecht said it would sign a contract to help Cuba improve its troubled sugar industry. One executive said the deal would include ethanol production.

Long-awaited golf course developments, aimed at attracting wealthier tourists, remain on hold.

What to watch:

- Resolution of outstanding short-term debt

- Signs of increased interest in foreign investment

- Growth of tourism and Cuba's ability to handle it

OIL PLANS

The Chinese-built Scarabeo 9 arrived in Cuban waters and at January's end began drilling the first of three exploration wells in Cuba's part of the Gulf of Mexico.

Spain's Repsol YPF and its partners plan to drill two of the wells and Malaysia's Petronas and its partner, Russia's Gazprom Neft, will drill the other, all this year and with the same rig.

The project has drawn opposition in the U.S. Congress, but, to allay safety concerns, Repsol allowed U.S. experts to inspect the Scarabeo 9 in Trinidad and Tobago. They said it met all international engineering and safety standards.U.S. companies are forbidden from operating in Cuba by the U.S. trade .

Cuba depends on imports from its oil-rich ally Venezuela, but says it may have 20 billion barrels of oil offshore. The U.S. Geological Survey has estimated 5 billion barrels.

What to watch:

- Results of Repsol's exploratory well.

- U.S. pressure to stop the drilling.

FOREIGN RELATIONS

A planned Papal visit in Marchimproved ties with Brazil, whose President Dilma Rousseff paid an official visit in January,are bright spots even as Cuba faces a more hostile Spanish government elected in November.

A major concern for Cuba is the health of Venezuelan President Hugo , a loyal ally whose government provides 114,000 barrels of oil a day and investment to Cuba. He underwent chemotherapy in Cuba and has declared himself cancer free, but experts say it is too soon to tell.

If he were unable to continue in office, it would be a big blow to Cuba.

U.S.-Cuba relations, which thawed briefly under President Barack Obama, have been frozen by the imprisonment of U.S. aid contractor Alan Gross.He is serving a 15-year sentence for providing Internet gear to Cuban Jews under a U.S. program promoting Cuban political change.

A document reported to be the court's sentence said Gross knew the political aims of his work and tried to hide it from Cuban authorities despite his claims to the contrary.

http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/02/03/cuba-risks-idUSRISKCU20120203

Cuban authorities ‘responsible’ for activist’s death on hunger strike – Amnesty International

Cuban authorities ‘responsible’ for activist’s death on hunger strike 20 January 2012

“The responsibility for Wilman Villar Mendoza’s death in custody lies squarely with the Cuban authorities, who summarily judged and jailed him for exercising his right to of expression.” Javier Zúñiga, Special Adviser at Amnesty International Fri, 20/01/2012

The death in custody of a Cuban after a hunger strike is a shocking reminder of the Raúl Castro government’s intolerance for dissent, Amnesty International said today.

Wilman Villar Mendoza, 31, died this morning in Juan Bruno Zayas in the city of Santiago where he was transferred from on 13 January due to problems allegedly arising from a hunger strike protesting at his unfair trial and imprisonment.

He was serving a four-year prison term on charges related to his participation in a public demonstration against the government.

“The responsibility for Wilman Villar Mendoza’s death in custody lies squarely with the Cuban authorities, who summarily judged and jailed him for exercising his right to freedom of expression,” said Javier Zúñiga, Special Adviser at Amnesty International.

“His tragic death highlights the depths of despair faced by the other prisoners of conscience still languishing in Cuban jails, who must be released immediately and unconditionally.”

“The Cuban authorities must stop the harassment, persecution, and imprisonment of peaceful demonstrators as well as political and human rights activists.”

On 14 November 2011, Villar Mendoza and eight other members of the Cuban Patriotic Union group in the eastern town of Contramaestre for taking part in a protest against the Cuban government.

While he was in detention, police intimidated Villar Mendoza, telling him he would be disappeared or face imprisonment on criminal charges stemming from an earlier arrest if he did not stop his protests and leave the dissident group.

He was released after three days in police custody but was then summoned to Contramaestre Municipal Tribunal on 24 November. Judges tried him in private and refused to accept testimony from his wife or other defence witnesses.

The judges sentenced the activist to four years’ imprisonment and immediately transferred him to Aguadores prison, in the provincial capital Santiago. The same day, he began a hunger strike in protest at the ruling.

As Villar Mendoza’s health deteriorated over recent days, members of the Cuban Patriotic Union and the Ladies in White opposition group organised a vigil outside the hospital. On 18 January, state security officials broke up the gathering and detained more than a dozen people.

Wilman Villar Mendoza is not the first of conscience to die in Cuban custody.

Orlando Tamayo, a prisoner of conscience jailed after the “Black Spring” crackdown on opposition groups in March 2003, died in prison on 23 February 2010 after several weeks on hunger strike.

http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/cuban-authorities-responsible-activists-death-hunger-strike-2012-01-20

Amnesty: Cuba Releases 3 Prisoners of Conscience

Amnesty: Cuba Releases 3 Prisoners of ConscienceBy PETER ORSI Associated PressHAVANA January 23, 2012 (AP)

Amnesty International said Monday that three Cubans held without charge for 52 days following their arrest at a protest were released last week, hours after the human rights group named them as prisoners of conscience.

The release of the three also came a day after a hunger-striking dissident died, prompting condemnation from island dissidents, rights watchers, the United States and other nations. Amnesty had planned to designate Wilman Villar, 31, a of conscience but he died in custody before it could.

Ivonne Malleza Galano, Ignacio Martinez Montejo and Isabel Haydee Alvarez were set free Jan. 20 but threatened with "harsh sentences" if they do not stop their anti-government actions, the human rights monitor said in a statement Monday.

It said all three were detained at a Nov. 30 protest in Havana at which Malleza and Martinez held a banner that read "Stop hunger, misery and poverty in Cuba." Alvarez was for objecting when security forces took the other two into custody.

"Amnesty International had adopted them as prisoners of conscience, as they were detained solely for exercising their right to of and freedom of assembly, and had called for their immediate and unconditional release," the statement said.

Cuba considers dissident activity to be counterrevolutionary, and the dissidents to be mercenaries out to bring down the communist-run government. It denies holding any political prisoners in its lockups.

Amnesty, which has strict criteria for who constitutes a "prisoner of conscience" including a history of nonviolence, had not recognized any Cuban inmates as such since the previous spring, when the last of 75 dissidents jailed since a 2003 crackdown were freed.

Villar was arrested in November in the eastern city of Santiago following an anti-government protest.

The Cuban government denied that he had been on hunger strike or was even truly a dissident. It described him as a "common criminal" sent to for domestic , said he received all the medical attention he needed and alleged that his case was being manipulated for political ends.

Authorities' indignation continued Monday as official newspapers Granma and Trabajadores published an editorial titled "Cuba's Truths." Taking up the entire front pages of both publications, it attacked critics' own records on human rights and defended the island, citing achievements in care, and literacy, and calling the accusations a smear campaign by Cuba's enemies.

"The so-called was serving a sentence of four years, following a fair process … and a trial according to the rule of law, for brutally and publicly beating his wife, threatening and violently resisting arrest," the editorial said

The Cuban Commission for Human Rights and National Reconciliation, which monitors detentions of dissidents in Cuba, sent an open letter to the government demanding access to the investigation.

It said it wanted to confirm or rule out its belief that Villar was unfairly and disproportionately punished for his political activities, held in solitary confinement and given inadequate medical care when he went on hunger strike. Signed by Commission founder Elizardo Sanchez, a dissident and former prisoner himself, the letter doubted that Villar was truly imprisoned for beating his wife.

"The family incident from July 2011 should be clarified, as well as the reasons why he would be freed and sent back to the family home despite the possible risks from a supposed situation of domestic violence," it read.

http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/amnesty-cuba-releases-prisoners-conscience-15422861#.Ty7HQYF63To

A Cuban-American jailed in Cuba since 2006 is freed and sent home because of ill health

Posted on Friday, 02.03.12

A Cuban-American jailed in Cuba since 2006 is freed and sent home because of ill

Julio Rafael Mesa Fariñas, freed by Cuba on Friday, was in a cell next to Alan during part of his incarceration.By Juan O. Tamayojtamayo@elnuevoherald.com

The Cuban government freed a former Hialeah truck driver jailed since 2006 for a people-smuggling attempt in which a smuggler died and allowed him to fly home because he was ill.

Julio Rafael Mesa Fariñas, 51, said he was taken to the Havana Wednesday directly from a cell next to the one where U.S. subcontractor Alan Gross is being held and flew to Miami with the help of U.S. diplomats in Havana.

During his six years in , Mesa said, he was hospitalized several times because of hunger strikes, was bitten twice by guard dogs while handcuffed and suffered hypothermia when he refused to wear prison uniforms.

Cuban officials told him that he was being freed because of his ill health. He is now in a wheelchair and suffered a seizure Thursday that landed him in a , Mesa told El Nuevo Herald during a lengthy phone interview Friday.

Mesa said he and two other Cubans set out from Mexico's Caribbean state of Quintana Roo aboard a 40-foot boat in April of 2006. They had been hired to pick up 44 people trying to escape from the southern coast of Pinar Del Rio Province.

The Cuban government alleged the boat was intercepted by one of its Coast Guard vessels, failed to heed a warning to stop and took "aggressive actions" that required guardsmen to open fire. Geovel González Morera, one of the smugglers, was shot and killed and Rosendo Salgado was shot in the foot. Salgado and Mesa, both U.S. citizens, were sentenced to 26 and 20 years in prison, respectively.

"There was no warning of any kind. A flare went up and they automatically opened fire. They assassinated Morera," said Mesa, who added that he plans to file a lawsuit against Cuba "for Morera's murder."

Mesa noted that during the clash a guardsman threw a rock that hit him on the head, causing partial paralysis and landing him in a hospital for a month. While odd, he said, the rock-throwing is noted in the documents of his court case.

He launched several liquids-only hunger strikes at the Combinado del Este prison in Havana to demand a transfer to La Condesa, reserved for foreigners, or a reduction of his sentence, Mesa added. Former political prisoners Oscar Elias Biscet and Angel Moya confirmed Friday that they met Mesa in prison and that he staged several hunger strikes. Other details of his tale could not be independently confirmed.

Mesa said he was in and out of several hospitals because of his hunger strikes, and spent two periods in the prison wing of the Military Hospital Carlos J. Finlay in Havana's Marianao section. That is the hospital where Gross is being held.

Gross was in late 2009 and was sentenced to 15 years for delivering sophisticated communications equipment to the Cuban Jewish community. The equipment was paid for by the U.S. government as part of a program that Havana has labeled as "subversive."

Mesa said during his second stay at the military hospital where he was held for 60 days before he was released, Gross appeared to be thinner and "unwell" but "in good spirits" and that he had benefits that Cuban prisoners did not, such as air conditioning in his room and a special diet.

Guards did not allow them to talk, he added, but he heard Gross shouting that a State Security official "had lied" by promising benefits, such as a reduction in his sentence, if he cooperated with the investigation.

Also held at the military hospital is Rolando García Pereira, a U.S. resident convicted of people trafficking in 2001.

Mesa left Cuba during the Mariel boatlift in 1980 and during a return visit he met a woman and they had a son. He promised smugglers to pick them up for $20,000, he said, and was working off the when he was captured.

He said that after Cuban officials told him that he would be freed, two U.S. diplomats in Havana visited him to arrange his departure. He received a valid U.S. passport, and a daughter sent him the money for the flight to Miami.

It was not immediately clear whether Mesa could face criminal charges in the United States for the people-smuggling case.

As he left Havana, Mesa said, Cuban immigration officials stamped every single page of his passport so he could never use it again. Arriving in Miami in a wheelchair and with a stamped-up passport after a six-year absence, he said he was greeted with a "Welcome home. No questions. No nothing."

http://www.miamiherald.com/2012/02/03/2623925/a-cuban-american-jailed-in-cuba.html#storylink=misearch

Conjectures About 2012 / Miriam Celaya

Conjectures About 2012 / Miriam CelayaMiriam Celaya, Translator: Norma Whiting

A recurring theme among the last days of 2011 and early 2012 by Cubans and foreign individuals interested in the Cuban reality has been about the outlook for the year just begun, given the chronic nature of the national economic crisis, the ongoing measures (reforms) of the General-, with his Galapagos kind of pace, the announced increase in the worldwide recession and the political events that will have an important influence on the situation in the medium term, namely, the presidential elections that will take place in the United States and, fundamentally, those in .

The warning signs that constitute the tip of an iceberg floating adrift erratically became more pronounced in Cuba in 2011: the removal of some subsidies, the end of the monthly lifetime allowance in hard currency (50 CUC) to staff having completed "missions" in other Third World countries, the shut-down of several work centers and other silent layoffs, the reduction in ALBA (Bolivarian Alliance of the Peoples of Our Americas) student programs, especially at the Latin American Medical , increases in prices and other staples, worsening economic living conditions in the poorest sectors of society (the majority), in contrast against increases in the standard of living of a small sector of the new middle class, among others. This, coupled with the general apathy and the growing feeling of helplessness on the part of groups that will not benefit from Raulista measures, is a picture that points to the further deterioration of social situations and the potential increases in crime, among other adverse factors.

One of the strongest contradictions is the slow pace of government reforms, which, so far, has been unable to stop the deterioration of the system, compared to the rapid social impoverishment that is directly reflected in the disappointment, uncertainty, and lack of confidence in the future, especially a future dependent on the power group that controls both the macro and national politics. There don't seem to be many flattering indicators, or reasons for hope. If the welfare of Cuban families hinges on setting up a kiosk or an eatery, on remittances received from relatives abroad –those who have that luxury- or on expectations that hang on the generosity of the government, we might as well start turning out the lights and closing the doors: that is not a future.

On the other hand, none of the new economic "rights" has been matched by social and political rights, as is logical under totalitarian regimes. Cubans have been so thoroughly disenfranchised and have been subjected to such "paternalistic" controls that even we in the opposition factions and independent civil society have sometimes unconsciously wished that of , of association and of the press be "allowed", as if they weren't natural rights inherent to the human condition. What can we expect from others who have let discouragement win!

Nevertheless, 2011 was also witness to a surge in alternative and civic groups and to obvious links between the two. A spontaneous process of modest but visible growth has been taking place within the independent civil society, which could be consolidating gradually. Undoubtedly, though it is a small sector, corresponding to the conditions of the dictatorship, this is the reflection of the will of Cubans with emancipated mentalities, determined not to ask permission to be free, convinced that it is vital to transform reality within ourselves. A few years ago this was unthinkable. Similarly, along with the growth of civic spaces, we can expect strong resistance from the authorities, and an eventual increase in repression.

The fate of one and all in this 2012 will be marked, among other situational factors, by the interests that have already been outlined more clearly, which, in very general terms, are: the olive green elite and all of its caste, by virtue of recycling itself in order to maintain power; the great entrepreneurs, members of that same caste or associated with it, for maintaining an economic monopoly and increasing their private capitals; new small businessmen and owners, for increasing their profits, making use of the meager reforms, and perhaps for fighting for other reforms; the ever-unfortunates, for surviving another year of shortages; we, the disobedient dreamers, for increasing activism in order to promote awareness of democratic changes and for seeking new ways to foster them.

Some readers may think I'm pessimistic, but that is not the case. My greatest optimism consists precisely in viewing reality face-to-face and continuing to wish for changes. Today, the despair of tens of thousands of Cubans is one of the main allies of the regime. However, we must not give up. We might find the opportunity and perform a miracle in the midst of all this dark, murky and imprecise present. Nobody knows how much time we have left, but it is not the time to throw in the towel. Those of us who are alive and want to achieve will not allow fatigue and defeat to win the game.

Translated by Norma Whiting

January 9 2012

http://translatingcuba.com/?p=13947

Medical Policy, or Political Medicine? / Ernesto Morales Licea

Medical Policy, or Political Medicine? / Ernesto Morales LiceaErnesto Morales Licea, Translating Cuba, Translator: Unstated

A little less than a year ago I lived for two weeks thinking I had cancer in my lymph nodes. In November, 2010, a team of pathologists at the "Carlos Manuel de Cespedes" Provincial in Bayamo signed a yellowish paper, prepared on a typewriter with a number of typing errors, telling me I had a Hodgkin lymphoma of the nodular sclerosis type.

The news was soon running like wildfire in a city of two hundred thousand people where my name, due to -politician confrontations, had gained unfortunate notoriety.

Fifteen days later, another team of pathologists, these belonging to the "Hermanos Ameijeiras" Hospital in Havana, would make my mother let loose a flood of withheld tears,by telling us that opinion was nothing but a monstrous error.

The tests repeated in Havana on my lymph nodes showed an alteration (hyperplasia) which may have been the product of an ancient virus, which did not contain any sign of malignancy.

The diagnostics that would save me from the clutches of chemotherapy came after procedures as tortuous as a bone biopsy of the hip, a medullogram, and another nasal tissue biopsy (only practicable by introducing a kind of fine scissors in my nose to the larynx, and cutting a piece of tissue), from which I suffered for several days.

On returning to my eastern city, with another paper telling me that at age 26 I was not facing any cancer, never let me know what the five pathologist from Bayamo did or did not see when they determined that I had Hodgkin's lymphoma.

That's right: literature searches and dozens of questions to other physicians let me know that these kind of lymphoma cells have a clear structure, well-defined, classical, which make any confusion very difficult.

I will never assert that behind an opinion that destroyed the nerves of my family and my friends, was the dark and powerful hand of the State Security, as several of those close to me asserted, alarmed at the inconceivable error. It is not my specialty to found my opinions on subjective bases, without arguments in hand: that is the specialty of the slanderers.

However, now that after the incredibly sudden death of Laura Pollan some well-known Cuban dissidents (Elizardo Sanchez, Guillermo Fariñas, Jose Daniel Ferrer, among many others) have signed a declaration of refusal to be hospitalized for illness, I find it impossible not to recall my own experience.

The national tragedy reaches such extremes of justified paranoia: when apparatchiks of State intelligence have the power to expel students from the , to decide who can and cannot outside the country, to block a person from purchasing at a supermarket, or entering a public movie theater; when these apparatchiks are present even in the most anodyne and least important institutions of society, why not believe their interests would also prevail in a hospital?

This statement of the Cuban Democratic Alliance, saying that only in case of emergency surgery do they want to be transferred to a "hospital of the regime" (read: all Cuban hospitals), and only if a doctor they trust tells them so, I believe represents one of the most terrible statements that could be known for a long time: not even in the medical system do the disaffected feel they have full rights.

Not even in a quasi-sacred ground such as care, where professionals swear the Hippocratic oath to defend the lives of their patients at all costs, an area that should not ever yield to pressures or influences of any kind, not even there can Cubans who oppose the government can feel safe.

Yoani Sanchez once told me how the emergency medical attention she received at a clinic in Havana, was reported later, in minute detail, by a reporter who aired a television report against her.

Just as I will never know how much was error and how much was intentional in a diagnosis that ripped away a large part of my youth, it's likely we may never know to what extent two deadly viruses entered the body of Laura Pollan naturally, if she was already infected with them, and whether they were really the cause of death of the Lady in White. That's one of the many consequences of the obscurantism with which everything moves at the official level in Cuba.

But we do know a hard truth: the values of a society are too riddled with rot if even the responsibility, the incorruptibility of medical ethics must be distrusted by those who disagree with government policy. With or without reason.

(Originally published in Martí Noticias)

October 20 2011

http://translatingcuba.com/?p=13955

Cuba takes baby steps toward capitalism

Cuba takes baby steps toward capitalism5:30 AM Wednesday Jan 11, 2012

Communist country's embrace of free market not an unmitigated success

A year at the vanguard of Cuba's economic revival has not brought Julio Cesar Hidalgo riches. The fledgling pizzeria owner has had his good months, but the he opened with his girlfriend often runs at a loss. At times, they can't afford to buy basic ingredients.

Yet the wide-faced 31-year-old says he is grateful to be in business at all. A year ago, Hidalgo was concocting chalky pastries in a Spartan state-run bakery where employees and managers competed to pilfer eggs, flour and olive oil, the only way to make ends meet on salaries of just US$15 ($19) a month. Today, he is his own boss, a taxpayer, employer and entrepreneur.

"I think my expectations were met because in Cuba today I couldn't have hoped for anything more," he said one recent December afternoon as his girlfriend, Giselle de la Noval, served customers. "We survived."

Hidalgo's story is mirrored by many of the entrepreneurs the Associated Press followed through 2011 in a year-long effort to document Communist Cuba's awkward embrace of free-market reforms.

Their experiences, like the reforms themselves, cannot be described as an unmitigated success. Of the dozen fledgling business owners, including restaurateurs, a DVD salesman, two cafe owners, a seamstress, a manicurist and a gymnasium operator, three have closed down or begun working for someone else, and one has been harassed by her former state employers. None could be considered successful by non-Cuban standards.

But despite their struggles, many tell of lives transformed, dreams realised, attitudes changed, and doors opened that had been closed for more than half a century.

For Hidalgo, personal hardships have added to the challenges of starting a business on a Marxist island that has looked askance at entrepreneurship since 's 1959 revolution turned a one-time capitalist playground into a Soviet satellite.

After suffering through a slow, hot, summer when nobody wanted a pizza, Hidalgo had to close for two months to care for his grandmother, who has Alzheimer's disease. Even while the business was shut, he and de la Noval had to make tax and social security payments, wiping out the few hundred dollars they had saved.

They reopened in late November with so little money they can't always afford to serve their house special.

"We've had to start from scratch, but the only reason we didn't lose the business altogether is because we were disciplined," said de la Noval, 23. "Before we did anything, we always put away the money we needed to pay the state."

A year that described as make or break for the revolution has ended after a dramatic flurry of once-unthinkable reforms.

In October, the Government legalised a used car market, and a month later extended it to real estate, sweeping away decades of prohibitions. In late December, the state began extending bank credits to new business owners and those hoping to repair their homes.

But one of the most powerful reforms was Castro's decision last year to greatly expand the ranks of the self-employed, part of a somewhat unsuccessful effort to trim bloated state payrolls.

Some 355,000 people have received licences to start their own businesses. On nearly every street in Havana and in thousands of hamlets and towns across Cuba, makeshift signs and bright parasols mark the entrances of new businesses, and the long-lost cries of kerbside vendors hawking everything from fruit and vegetables to mops and household repair services fill the warm Caribbean air.

The Government has declined to release any statistics on tax revenue or payroll savings from the reforms, except for an October report in the Communist Party newspaper Granma that said tax revenue from new businesses had tripled.

Cuban leaders last month lowered their forecast for economic growth for 2011 to just 2.7 per cent from the 3 per cent originally hoped for. By contrast, China is forecast to grow by about 9 per cent in 2011, by between 6 and 6.5 per cent and Brazil by 3.8 per cent.

Because most entrepreneurs don't have the capital to start innovative businesses, many have opened cafeterias, nail parlours, small roadside kiosks and the like.

Maria Regla Saldivar is a black belt in taekwondo who got a licence to give private lessons to neighbourhood kids in a scruffy park across the street from her job.

She began the year with dreams of persuading the Government to let her turn an abandoned dry-cleaning warehouse into a private recreation centre.

But the Government refused to grant her a lease. Then her bosses at Cuba's National Sports Institute docked her pay because they said her outside work was affecting her performance. She quit. Finally, her former boss prohibited her from using the park for martial arts lessons, which are technically prohibited. The Government considers it potentially deadly training, even though most of Saldivar's students are not even teenagers yet. "It's called envy," Saldivar said of her boss.

She insists she is not teaching taekwondo, slyly calling the discipline "Quimbumbia" a word of her own invention. She has moved classes for her 14 students into the tiny covered patio in the back of the apartment she shares with her teenage daughter.

But Saldivar says she has no regrets. She says making business decisions for herself has increased her self-esteem, and she is thrilled that she's managed to put away US$80, about four months salary at an average state job. "You may laugh, but for me it's a lot of money," she said, running her coarse fingers over the stripes on a pair of sky-blue track suit bottoms she bought. "I've wanted these for so long and now I have them. I look like a proper trainer now, not someone out picking mangoes from a tree."

Rafael Romeu, the head of the Washington, DC-based Association for the Study of the Cuban , said Castro had "changed the conversation" since taking over from his ailing brother in 2006, pushing the leadership to get the island's economic house in order rather than blaming external factors such as the 49-year US and trade .

But so far, the changes don't go far enough to revive Cuba's moribund economy.

"These are positive steps but when you say them out loud, just think about it. … You are allowed to have a cellphone, you are allowed to buy a home, you are allowed to buy a car or have a microenterprise. This is not the fall of the Berlin Wall. These are not major changes," he said. "Cuba has tremendous difficulties. This is a marathon, and they are taking baby steps."

Romeu, who has worked around the world studying emerging economies, said that Cuba was moving much more deliberately than the Chinese did when they began opening their economy in the late 1970s, or the Vietnamese a decade later.

Cuba's predicament is somewhat different, as well. Both China and Vietnam were deeply agrarian economies whose challenge was lifting tens of millions out of crushing poverty, Romeu said. Cuba is a more urban country with an ageing population whose citizens have got used to benefits including care and , but who have grown accustomed to a system that doesn't make them work for such middle-class perks.

"In Cuba, the challenge is sustaining the middle class, not creating one," Romeu said.

Still, some reforms seem to be moving along more quickly than many analysts had hoped.

Business is booming at a street corner long known as the centre of Havana's informal real estate market. Only now, the handwritten listings on trees openly advertise legal home sales, instead of disguising them as property "swaps".

Mendez Rodriguez, an unofficial real estate broker, said the buying and selling was aboveboard, controlled by a relatively untangled bureaucracy.

"Everything is by the law now," said Rodriguez, even if his profession is not officially licensed. He and other so-called facilitators work for "gifts" left to the discretion of their clients, he said.

Rumours that real estate brokers would be the latest addition to the list of 181 licensed entrepreneurial activities have not come to pass, but there's still hope the profession will be added in 2012. Rodriguez said the opening seems to have led to a steep increase in prices, with a home worth US$20,000 a couple of months ago going for 50 per cent more today.

Javier Acosta has sunk more than US$30,000 he saved as a waiter into his own upscale establishment, and says business is far from booming.

"There are days when nobody comes, or when I have just one or two tables, and then there are days when the place is filled."

He said his costs run to about US$1000 a month, and when business is slow he struggles to break even.

Yet the reforms, he says, have changed the face of Cuba, and cynical countrymen who doubt the opening will be lasting must wake up to a new reality.

Despite his struggles, Acosta says he would take the risk again if given the chance.

- AP

http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=10777860&ref=rss

The Paths of the General / Luis Felipe Rojas

The Paths of the General / Luis Felipe RojasLuis Felipe Rojas, Translator: Raul G.

This article was written by Luis Felipe Rojas for 'Diario de Cuba'. It has been re-posted on this :

In regards to the year which has just begun, it is evident that the directions of the Cuban government are like forked transit lines. With more desires to give orders to its members than to implement any sort of political , on January 28th they will hold the First National Conference of the Communist Party (PCC).

Towards the end of March the General- will receive the Vatican authorities, rosary and timbrel at hand. And during the middle of the year he will once again be in the limelight, with our without the fulfillment of promises. Cuba will once again see how dreams and demands dissipate.

On a tour which was expected to come sooner or later, the Castro leadership has gone up against itself. Against the inflated staffs, administrative corruption, and economic inefficiency. The three whips of Cuban society have been exposed in numerous public meetings: the communist congress and the ordinary session of the National Assembly.

We would have to see if the Cuban technocrats are willing to change their mentality and cast away their furies against the same projects as always. While the historic direction holds tight to the old art of snapping orders and marching, thousands of Cubans try to improve their lives selling what they themselves cultivate, carrying out service jobs or applying their talents to new technologies.

However, enthusiasms aside, the penalization of difference still weighs heavy over the heads of the majority of Cubans, as well as the rake against free association and the establishment of unions, and laws like Social Dangerousness which seem to belong in the Middle Ages.

Without being able to defend their most basic rights, the Cuban citizenry, since the beginning of the millennium, has been trapped in the delicacies of capitalism and civilization which has been placed before them. They produce foreign currency, which they cannot freely enjoy. They substitute imports with medical services which they can rarely enjoy and, on top of that, they carry the weight of errors committed by the senile leadership.

The more moderate forces among the rulers (which are not always visible) opt for a change of tactics and for a reasonable strategy which would favor the betterment of the citizen. A consensus of the majority of workers has demonstrated the weariness produced by slogans and inefficiency of promises.

The criticisms of and the dissidents of the government are going to crash against the accommodated tendency of the bureaucrats. Attempting to impregnate from stamps of eternal solidarity with Cubans, the maximum leadership deprives them of services which are obliged to serve their third-world contemporaries.

At this point, many are asking themselves about the relationship between the statistic offered by Cuba of 4.9 children who have died per each thousand born alive, and the fact of not publishing the statistics of the budget cuts in the public health sector. Will this statistic be upheld despite the cuts? As for the popular sophism of 'tossing the house out through the window', there is also the fact that there are many necessities, due to a weakened system of primary attention.

Upon being asked if he was a militant (of the Communist Party, of course), a well known professor for the of Oriente responded, "No, I am the culprit". The joke has transcended university property and illustrates the disillusion of that 'minority' (in the words of Rafael Rojas) which, in regards to political strength, has transmuted to another social ill.

Translated by Raul G.

9 January 2011

http://translatingcuba.com/?p=13886

“Discriminated“ Professions / Fernando Dámaso

"Discriminated" Professions / Fernando DámasoFernando Dámaso, Translator: Unstated

I'm not treading on thin ice if I argue that the legalization of self-employment — which never should have been outlawed — has been well received by most citizens and, for many, has become a significant form of subsistence for their families, despite the high taxes, the bureaucracy and the inspectors and other complications.

However, in the legalization, I want to call attention to a group of professionals who have been discriminated against because they have not been authorized to practice their professions on their one. I'm referring to doctors, dentists, professors, architects, engineers, lawyers and others. These, if they work for themselves, cannot exercise the professions for which they studied and gained work experience — but may work in other occupations such as parking attendants, taxi drivers, owners or workers, or repairers of eyeglasses, lighters or shoes, and so on, none of which they prepared for or have experience in. When a country can afford to ignore its professionals in this way, it is either because there is a surplus or because something isn't working. I think its the latter.

Photo Peter Deel

The argument for such a prohibition is that if they are authorized to work in their professions, the State would be without a great number of them, due to the miserable salaries they receive and their poor working conditions. I don't doubt it because it's very easy to check, but the solution is not to continue banning something that might come to pass in excess.

I think different possible solutions can be analyzed. I'll limit myself to two: the first, which could be difficult to apply in this time of economic crisis, would be to raise their salaries to make them competitive with what they would receive working for themselves, and to improve working conditions. The second, which could be a transition phase, would be to limit them to working part of the day for the State — with the associated wages — and part for themselves, at their own risk.

This would satisfy both interests: the State's and the individual's, with one as important as the other. It's nothing new: in the years of the Republic it worked this way in different sectors, such as , and others.

One or the other of these possible solutions, or some other approach, should be tried sooner rather than later, the full legalization of work, and every citizen engaged in whatever suits him, for which he is prepared, when he desires, without absurd prohibitions, within the framework of free competition.

This would result in economic improvement, bettering the services and developing the nation. What's more, we would not experience the bitter originality of having doctors driving cabs, architects making pizzas, or lawyers serving . It's true that no decent work is a disgrace, but please, each one in his place. Good is good but not too much.

January 3 2012

http://translatingcuba.com/?p=13721

“Nosocomofobia“ or Fear of Hospitals / Rebeca Monzo

"Nosocomofobia" or Fear of Hospitals / Rebeca MonzoRebeca Monzo, Translator: Unstated

I dread the hospitals on my planet! At least those I'm entitled to go to. I told a doctor friend who works in a clinic in my neighborhood, a recent graduate who is still rotating between different centers to acquire practice.

She not only told me I was right, but told me the great state of unhealthiness she found in most of the centers where she rotated. The doctors, she tells me, denounce these situations, but their complaints fall into the void. According to what else she said, the Gonzalez Coro Maternity , formerly the Sacred Heart Clinic, is in a deplorable state with regard to hygiene.

She adds that they often accumulate bloody gauze, and debris of all kinds used in healing, at the end of a dark corridor, overflowing, with no one taking them out and burning them, as is required.

That's a great deal of bacteria, Staphylococcus, and all kinds of germs, which are filtered into the rooms of the sick, so close to this deposit, where hygiene is not optimal. Likewise, the holes for the electrical outlets are eaten away, leaving room for small cockroaches, already so typical of our hospitals. In the same bad condition are the door frames, detached in part from the masonry which they should seal.

The same is true in the clinic where she's now rotating, they don't collect the waste with sufficient regularity: disposable gloves, syringes and other items used with the patients, and far from the incinerators which have been established in order to avoid contamination, they throw them in the trash container right at the entrance of the emergency room.

I told her of my shock and dismay when I took my sister to the Angiology Institute, which is nothing more than an old pavilion of the once famous Covadonga clinic, which is what everyone keeps calling it, even though that is no longer its name.

There, while waiting for them to heal some leg ulcers on a patient, I watched with horror as a nurse applied the medicine with her right hand, while holding a piece of pizza in her left, which she ate with impunity in front of the patient. That is just one of the facilities, that like so many of its kind, were once the pride of our country. From this, you understand, was born my nosocomofobia.

November 26 2011

http://translatingcuba.com/?p=13739

Cuban media blame Twitter for Castro death rumour

Cuban media blame Twitter for Castro death rumourLast updated 05:00 06/01/2012

Cuban state media has accused the social networking site Twitter of helping spread a rumour that former leader had died, and criticised anti-Castro expatriates it dubbed "necrophiliac counter-revolutionaries" for jumping on the story.

An article on the state-run Cubadebate website accused Twitter of allowing an account holder with the sign-on "Naroh" to start the rumour this week from an Italian server, then quickly deactivate the account.

It said Twitter then helped spread the disinformation by allowing the hash tag "fidelcastro" to become a trending topic. It briefly became the fourth most popular in the world as it drew many more people to the subject.

The site also accused Twitter of censoring subjects in the past that were in favour of the Cuban government.

There was no immediate reaction from Twitter.

Rumours that a celebrity or other public figure is dead are common on social media sites and can spread quickly because of their nature.

Cubadebate also blamed anti-Castro expatriates anxious to see Castro's demise for gleefully furthering the rumour, saying "necrophiliac counter-revolutionaries, aided by some media, immediately started to party".

Castro, 85, turned power over to his brother Raul in 2006 during an illness that nearly killed him. He is officially retired, although he occasionally publishes opinion columns.

In recent months, Castro has alluded to the limits of age but has also taken pride in his longevity. Cuba boasts that along with besting the actuarial tables, the former Cuban leader has survived hundreds of assassination attempts at the hands of his enemies in the United States.

Cubadebate noted that a false story about Castro's demise was spread on the and elsewhere back in August.

On that occasion, there was even a computer virus embedded in a spam email titled "Fidel is Dead", which featured a doctored, grainy photograph of the former Cuban leader that appeared to show him lying in a coffin.

As usual, the Cuban government has declined to make any official comment about Castro's . But the former leader hasn't been silent. On December 31, he sent a get-well letter to a Cuban baseball star that was read over state television.

Cubadebate on Wednesday reiterated a refrain it used the last time the Castro rumours began, saying that the latest hubbub was spread by "people inventing things in the virtual world that even the CIA could not accomplish in real life".

http://www.stuff.co.nz/technology/6218745/Cuban-media-blame-Twitter-for-Castro-death-rumour

Key political risks to watch in Cuba – 01-2012

Key political risks to watch in CubaWed Jan 4, 2012 3:03pm GMTBy Jeff Franks

HAVANA Jan 4 (Reuters) – Cuba has opened more of its retail services to the private sector and liberalized land lease terms so farmers can rent more state land and keep it in the family as reforms aimed at fortifying the socialist system for the future continue.

The Caribbean island's self-employed sector has continued to grow and Cuba's long-delayed hope of exploring for oil offshore is close to becoming a reality as a Chinese-built drilling rig is expected to reach Cuban waters this month.

If oil is found, it will take at least three to five years to produce, but eventually should reduce or eliminate reliance on oil imports from , whose President Hugo , the island's top ally and economic partner, had surgery for cancer last year.

ECONOMIC REFORM

The government said it would allow Cubans to operate various service businesses such as appliance and watch repair, locksmith and carpentry shops, just as it has done the past year with 1,500 state barbershops and beauty salons. [ID:nN1E7BPOOL]

They will pay a monthly fee for the government-owned space, buy supplies, pay taxes and charge what the market will bear in another step away from the doctrinaire communism imposed after the 1959 revolution.

Government officials said there are now more than 357,000 people working in the self-employed sector, the growth of which is being encouraged because the cash-strapped government wants to slash a million jobs from its payrolls and encourage more private initiative. It has temporarily lowered taxes and begun providing credits to the new entrepreneurs.

No figures have been released but government insiders said in October that just under 150,000 people had lost their jobs as the government pushes toward its goal of having up to 40 percent of the island workforce of 5.2 million in non-state jobs by 2015.

Minister Adel Yzquierdo Rodriguez told the National Assembly in late December that 170,000 state jobs would be cut in 2012 and as many as 240,000 new non-state jobs added.

The Cuban state owns 70 percent of the land on the island and, according to figures given at the National Assembly, has leased almost 3.5 million acres (1.4 million hectares) to 150,000 private farmers since 2008 with the goal of increasing agricultural production so it can reduce budget-draining food imports. About 70 percent of the leased land was said to be under cultivation.

Food output was up in 2011, but still below 2005 levels, so starting this month, in response to farmer suggestions, the amount of land they can rent has been quintupled to 165 acres (67 hectares) and leases extended from 10 years up to 25.

The leases can be renewed and passed on to family members and farmers can build homes on the land. [ID:nN1E7BH02Q]

President Raul Castro told the National Assembly that Cuba still expected to spend $1.7 billion on food imports in 2012.

He also emphasized the importance of an ongoing crackdown on corruption, which already has shuttered three foreign firms and brought the arrest of top executives at Tecnotex, a company run by the Cuban military.

Cubans had hoped Castro would announce reforms making it easier for them to abroad, but he said only that changes would be made gradually.

The Cuban Communist Party and the government passed a series of reform plans this year that would move all business administration out of the ministries and grant newly formed holding companies more authority to make day-to-day decisions and control a percentage of their profits.

Cubans are now allowed, for the first time in decades, to buy and sell homes and used cars. As of the end of November, 6,009 cars had changed hands and 301 homes had been sold, officials said.

What to watch:

- The pace of reforms and their consequences.

- The development of small businesses.

- The shedding of business management by the ministries.

FINANCIAL HEALTH

Castro said the economy grew 2.7 percent in 2011 and was expected to reach 3.4 percent in 2012.

Cuba said it would end 2011 with a record 2.7 million tourists for the year and a 9 percent increase in revenues over the $2.1 billion in 2010. Tourism is a top hard currency earner for the island.

Reserves at the Bank for International Settlements stood at $5.649 billion in June, double what they were three years ago.

Cuba is heavily indebted and still recovering from a liquidity crisis that led to a default on payments and freezing of foreign business bank accounts in 2009. [ID:nN24211495]

Castro told the National Assembly that accounts for foreign suppliers to Cuba had been unfrozen and steps taken to prevent the problem from happening again.

Hopes that reforms would bring more foreign have yet to materialize with no significant new ventures this year.

Long-awaited golf course developments, aimed at attracting wealthier tourists, remain on hold. [ID:nN04118234]

What to watch:

- Resolution of outstanding short-term

- Signs of increased interest in foreign investment.

OIL PLANS

A Chinese-built drilling rig, the Scarabeo 9, was in Trinidad and Tobago in early January and expected to reach Cuba later in the month. It will be used in the first major exploration of Cuba's part of the Gulf of Mexico. [ID:nN1E77P03U] 's Repsol YPF and its partners will get the rig first, followed by Malaysia's Petronas and its partner, Russia's Gazprom Neft.

The project has drawn opposition in the U.S. Congress [ID:nS1E78R1P9], but, to allay safety concerns, Repsol will let the United States inspect the rig. [ID:nN1E79H1XN] [ID:nN1E7BJ077] U.S. companies are forbidden from operating in Cuba by the U.S. trade .

Cuba depends on imports from its oil-rich ally Venezuela, but says it may have 20 billion barrels of oil offshore. The U.S. Geological Survey has estimated 5 billion barrels.

What to watch:

- U.S. inspection of drilling rig.

- Results of Repsol's exploratory well.

- U.S. pressure to stop the drilling.

FOREIGN RELATIONS

A planned Papal visit in March [ID:nL6E7NC3I6] and improved ties with Brazil are bright spots even as it faces a more hostile Spanish government elected in November.

A major concern for Cuba is the health of Chavez, whose government provides 114,000 barrels of oil a day and investment to Cuba. He underwent chemotherapy in Cuba and has declared himself cancer free [ID:nN1E79J13X], but experts say it is too soon to tell. If he were unable to continue in office, it would be a big blow to Cuba.

U.S.-Cuba relations, which thawed briefly under President Barack Obama, have been frozen by the imprisonment of U.S. aid contractor Alan . [ID:nN1E7AT2CK] He is serving a 15-year sentence for providing Internet gear to Cuban groups under a U.S. program promoting Cuban political change.

Cuba is angry that five Cuban agents have been jailed in the United States since 1998, and has given no indications that Gross will be released early. [ID:nN1E7BR0BZ] (Additional reporting by Marc Frank; Editing by Kieran Murray)

http://af.reuters.com/article/energyOilNews/idAFN1E7BR07020120104?pageNumber=2&virtualBrandChannel=0&sp=true

Google Adsense

Calender

February 2012
M T W T F S S
« Jan    
 12345
6789101112
13141516171819
20212223242526
272829  

Google Adsense